Exhibit 10.3

SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT

This Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of September 27, 2025, between Actelis Networks, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and White Lion Capital LLC, a Nevada limited liability company (the “Purchaser”).

WHEREAS, the Company and the Purchaser are executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon an exemption from securities registration afforded by the provisions of Section 4(a)(2) the Securities Act (as defined below), and/or Regulation D (“Regulation D”) promulgated thereunder.

WHEREAS, the parties desire that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein, the Company shall issue and sell to the Purchaser, as provided herein, and the Purchaser, in the aggregate, shall purchase securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchaser agree as follows:

ARTICLE I.
DEFINITIONS

1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement: (a) capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined herein have the meanings given to such terms in the Prefunded Warrants , and (b) the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:

“Acquiring Person” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.7. “Action” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).

“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

“Approved Equity Plan” means any employee benefit plan or agreement which has been approved by the board of directors of the Company prior to or subsequent to the date hereof pursuant to which shares of Common Stock, Options, or other securities of the Company may be issued to any employee, officer, consultant, or director for services provided to the Company in their capacity as such.

“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.

“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in the City of New York, New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non- essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in the City of New York, New York are generally are open for use by customers on such day.

“Closing” means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.

“Closing Date” means the first (1^st) Business Day after the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchaser’s obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii)the Company’s obligations to deliver the Securities to be issued and sold, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.

“Common Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

“Convertible Securities” means any stock, shares, or other security (other than Options) that is at any time and under any circumstances, directly or indirectly, convertible into, exercisable or exchangeable for, or which otherwise entitles the holder thereof to acquire, any shares of Common Stock.

“Disclosure Schedules” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1.

“Disclosure Time” means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New York, New York time) and before midnight (New York, New York time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York, New York time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date hereof, and (ii) if this Agreement is signed between midnight (New York, New York time) and 9:00 a.m. (New York, New York time) on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01

a.m. (New York, New York time) on the date hereof.

“ELOC” means that certain Common Stock Purchase Agreement by and between the Company and the Purchaser, to be effective as of October 1, 2025.

“ELOC Issuance” means any issuance of shares of Common Stock pursuant to the ELOC.

“Evaluation Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(s).

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“FCPA” means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.

“GAAP” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).

“Indebtedness” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(bb).

“Intellectual Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(p).

“Legend Removal Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.1(c).

“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right, or other restriction.

“Material Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).

“Material Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(n).

“Options” means any rights, warrants, or options to subscribe for, purchase, or otherwise acquire shares of Common Stock or Convertible Securities.

“Other Investor” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.19.

“Per Share Purchase Price” equals $0.2125 per Share, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward share splits, share dividends, share combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement, provided that the purchase price per Prefunded Warrant shall be the Purchase Price minus $0.0001.

“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

“Prefunded Warrant” means, collectively, the Prefunded Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchaser at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof, which Prefunded Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and shall expire when exercised in full, in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto.

“Prefunded Warrant Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Prefunded Warrants.

“Principal Market” means the Nasdaq Capital Market.

“Public Information Failure” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.3(b).

“Public Information Failure Payments” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.3(b).

“Purchaser Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.10(a).

“Registration Rights Agreement” means the Registration Rights Agreement, dated on or about the date hereof, among the Company and the Purchaser, in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto.

“Required Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).

“Required Minimum” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.11(a).

“Resale Registration Statement” means a registration statement covering the resale of the Shares and Warrant Shares by the Purchaser, including, without limitation, a registration statement meeting the requirements as set forth and as provided for in the Registration Rights Agreement.

“Reserve Depletion Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.11(a).

“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the SEC having substantially the same effect as such Rule.

“Rule 424” means Rule 424 promulgated by the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the SEC having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.

“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).

“Securities” means the Shares, the Prefunded Warrants, and the Prefunded Warrant Shares.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Share Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire, at any time, shares of Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, shares of Common Stock.

“Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issued or issuable to the Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.

“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include locating and/or borrowing shares of Common Stock or other Share Equivalents).

“Subscription Amount” means Eight Hundred and Fifty Thousand Dollars ($850,000), representing the aggregate amount to be paid for the Shares and Prefunded Warrants purchased hereunder, in United States dollars and in immediately available funds.

“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on Schedule 3.1(a) and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.

“Trading Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.

“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, the Prefunded Warrants, the Registration Rights Agreement, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto, and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.

“Transfer Agent” means VStock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.

“VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted, as reported by Bloomberg, (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York, N.Y. time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York, N.Y. time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchaser and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

“Warrants” means the Prefunded Warrants.

“Warrant Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.

ARTICLE II. PURCHASE AND SALE

2.1 Closing. On the Closing Date, substantially concurrent with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, $850,000 (the “Subscription Amount”) of Shares; provided, however, that, to the extent that the Purchaser determines, in its sole discretion, that the Purchaser (together with the Purchaser’s Affiliates, and any Person acting as a group together with the Purchaser or any of the Purchaser’s Affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below), or as the Purchaser may otherwise choose, in lieu of purchasing Shares, the Purchaser shall purchase Prefunded Warrants in lieu of Shares in such manner to result in the same aggregate purchase price being paid by such Purchaser to the Company. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Securities on the Closing Date. The Company shall deliver to the Purchaser the Securities as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and the Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall take place remotely by electronic transfer of the Closing documentation. Unless otherwise directed by the Purchaser, settlement of the Shares (and Prefunded Warrants, if applicable) shall occur via “Delivery Versus Payment” (“DVP”) (i.e., on the Closing Date, the Company shall issue the Shares (and Prefunded Warrants, if applicable) registered in the Purchaser’s names and addresses and released by the Transfer Agent directly to the Purchaser; upon receipt of such Shares (and Prefunded Warrants, if applicable), payment therefor shall be made by the Purchaser by wire transfer to the Company), and the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount shall be made available for DVP settlement with the Company or its designee.

2.2 Deliveries.

(a) On or prior to the Closing Date (except as indicated below), the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered the following to the Purchaser:

(i) on the date hereof, this Agreement duly executed by the Company;

(ii) a number of Shares equal to the Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, registered in uncertificated, book-entry form in the name of the Purchaser (minus the number of Prefunded Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Purchaser’s Prefunded Warrants, if applicable);

(iii) if the Purchaser is acquiring Prefunded Warrants pursuant to Section 2.1, a Prefunded Warrant registered in the name of the Purchaser to purchase up to a number of Prefunded Warrant Shares equal to the portion of the Subscription Amount applicable to Prefunded Warrant divided by the Per Share Purchase Price minus $0.0001, with an exercise price equal to $0.0001, subject to adjustment therein;

(iv) the Registration Rights Agreement duly executed by the Company;

(v) an officer’s certificate certifying that the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct as of the Closing Date as though originally made at that time (except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date, which shall be true and correct as of such specific date) and the Company shall have performed, satisfied, and complied in all material respects with the covenants, agreements, and conditions required to be performed, satisfied, or complied with by the Company at or prior to the Closing Date;

(vi) a certified copy of the certificate of incorporation (or such equivalent organizational document) of the Company certified by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of its jurisdiction of incorporation, dated within 10 days of the Closing Date;

(vii) a certificate evidencing the company status of the Company in its jurisdiction of formation issued by the Secretary of State (or comparable office) of such jurisdiction of formation as of a date within 10 days of the Closing Date;

(viii) an officer’s certificate, in the form reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser, executed by an officer of the Company and dated as of the Closing Date, as to (i) the resolutions adopted by the Company’s board of directors authorizing the transactions contemplated hereby in a form reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser, (ii) the certificate of incorporation (or such equivalent organizational document) and the organizational documents of the Company, as in effect at the Closing Date, and (iii) the bylaws of the Company, as in effect at the Closing Date;

(ix) a letter or other certification from the Transfer Agent certifying the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on the Trading Day immediately preceding the Closing Date;

(x) subject to Section 2.1, a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C;

(xi) the Company’s wire instructions, on Company letterhead and executed by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer;

(xii) a flow of funds memorandum in form and substance mutually agreed to by the Company and the Purchaser (a “Flow of Funds Memorandum”) duly executed by the Company; and

(xiii) such other documents, instruments, or certificates relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement as the Purchaser or its counsel may reasonably request.

(b) On or prior to the Closing Date, the Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, the following:

(i) on the date hereof, this Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser;

(ii) the Registration Rights Agreement duly executed by the Purchaser;

(iii) the Flow of Funds Memorandum duly executed by the Purchaser;and

(iv) the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the account specified in writing by the Company, which shall be made available for DVP settlement with the Company or its designee.

2.3 Closing Conditions.

(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:

(i) the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality, in all respects) as of such date);

(ii) all obligations, covenants, and agreements of the Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed in all material respects; and

(iii) the delivery by the Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.

(b) The obligations of the Purchaser hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:

(i) the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all material respects or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects as of such date);

(ii) all obligations, covenants, and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed in all material respects in all material respects;

(iii) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement;

(iv) there shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof;

(v) from the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the SEC or the Company’s principal Trading Market and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of the Purchaser, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at each applicable Closing; and

(vi) no statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated, or endorsed by any court or governmental entity of competent jurisdiction that prohibits the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated hereby.

ARTICLE III.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the corresponding section of the Disclosure Schedules, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to the Purchaser which representations shall be true and correct on the Closing Date:

(a) Subsidiaries. All of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company are set forth on Schedule 3.1(a). The Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non- assessable, and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. If the Company has no subsidiaries, all other references to the Subsidiaries or any of them in the Transaction Documents shall be disregarded.

(b) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing, and, if applicable under the laws of the jurisdiction in which they are formed, in good standing (or active status) under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization (if the concept of good standing or active status exists in such jurisdiction), with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws, or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity, or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects, or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”) and no Action has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting, or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit, or curtail such power and authority or qualification.

(c) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors, or the Company’s shareholders in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company, assuming due authorization by the other parties thereto, and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief, or other equitable remedies, and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.

(d) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery, and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities, and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws, or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration, or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt, or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree, or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(e) Filings, Consents, and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization, or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local, or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery, and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than (i) the filings required pursuant to Section 4.6 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing(s) with the SEC pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, (iii) if applicable, the notice and/or application(s) to each applicable Trading Market for the issuance and sale of the Shares and Warrant Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby, and (iv) if applicable, the filing of Form D with the SEC and such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the ”Required Approvals”).

(f) Issuance of the Securities. The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company other than restrictions on transfer provided for in the Transaction Documents or by law. The Warrant Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents, will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company other than restrictions on transfer provided for in the Transaction Documents or by law. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized shares of Common Stock a number of shares of Common Stock for the issuance of Shares pursuant to this Agreement and of Warrant Shares pursuant to the Warrants at least equal to the Required Minimum on the Closing Date.

(g) Capitalization. The capitalization of the Company as of the date hereof is as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g), which Schedule 3.1(g) shall also include the number of shares of Common Stock owned beneficially, and of record, by Affiliates of the Company as of the date hereof. The Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under an Approved Equity Plan, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to an Approved Equity Plan, and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Share Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act. No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as a result of the purchase and sale of the Securities or as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g), there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls, or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights, or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments, understandings, or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Share Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary. The issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue shares of capital stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Purchaser). There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange, or reset price of such security or instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company or any Subsidiary. There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings, or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of Common Stock and other shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all applicable securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. No approval or authorization of any shareholder, the Board of Directors, or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. There are no shareholders agreements, voting agreements, or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s shareholders other than as disclosed in Schedule 3.1(g).

(h) SEC Reports; Financial Statements. During the two (2) years prior to the date hereof, the Company has timely filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements, and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received or obtained a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.

(i) Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities, or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, (i) there has been no event, occurrence, or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the SEC, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its shareholders or purchased, redeemed (except in the de minimis amount), or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its share capital, except as otherwise publicly disclosed in the SEC Reports, and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director, or Affiliate, except pursuant to an Approved Equity Plan. The Company does not have pending before the SEC any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents or as set forth on Schedule 3.1(i), no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence, or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets, or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least 1 Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made.

(j) Litigation. There is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding, or investigation (however any governmental or administrative agency may define the matter) pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary, or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental, or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (any, an “Action”) that (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity, or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty which could result in a Material Adverse Effect. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the SEC involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The SEC has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.

(k) Labor Relations. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure, or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all applicable U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment, and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(I) Compliance. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan, or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree, or order of any court, arbitrator, or other governmental authority, or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance, or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state, and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety, and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(m) Environmental Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local, and foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface, or subsurface strata), including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases, or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport, or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans, or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (“Environmental Laws”), (ii) have received all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses, and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license, or approval where, in each clause (i), (ii), and (iii), the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

(n) Regulatory Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations, and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local, or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.

(o) Title to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state, or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting, and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects.

(p) Intellectual Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses, and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”). None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired, terminated, or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two years from the date of this Agreement, except as would not have or reasonably expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and, to the knowledge of the Company, there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality, and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(q) Insurance. The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage at least equal to the aggregate Subscription Amount. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.

(r) Transactions with Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(r), none of the officers or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement, or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to, or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director, or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member, or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000, other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company, and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan (including any Approved Equity Plan) of the Company.

(s) Sarbanes-Oxley; Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of each Closing Date. The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.

(t) Certain Fees. No brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company or any Subsidiaries to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank, or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

(u) Private Placement. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchaser’s representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, no registration under the Securities Act is required for the offer and sale of the Securities by the Company to the Purchaser as contemplated hereby. The issuance and sale of the Securities hereunder does not contravene the rules and regulations of the Trading Market.

(v) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(w) Registration Rights. Other than the Purchaser, no Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiaries.

(x) Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the SEC is contemplating terminating such registration. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(x), the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(x), the Company is and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.

(y) Application of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement), or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchaser as a result of the Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Purchaser’s ownership of the Securities.

(z) Disclosure. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided the Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchaser will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchaser regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement, is true and correct in all material respects and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Purchaser does not make and has not made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.

(aa) No Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchaser’s representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of (i) the Securities Act which would require the registration of any such securities under the Securities Act, or (ii) any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.

(bb) Solvency. Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of each Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted, including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements, and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. Schedule 3.1(bb) sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Indebtedness” means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $100,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business, and (z) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $100,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.

(cc) No Materially Adverse Contracts, Etc. To the Company’s knowledge, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to any charter, corporate, or other legal restriction, or any judgment, decree, order, rule, or regulation which, in the judgment of the Company’s officers, has or is expected in the future to have a Material Adverse Effect. To the Company’s knowledge, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any contract or agreement which in the judgment of the Company’s officers has or is expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(dd) Tax Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect and, if applicable, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state, and local income and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports, and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports, and declarations, and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports, or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.

(ee) No General Solicitation. Neither the Company nor any Person acting on behalf of the Company has offered or sold any of the Securities by any form of general solicitation or general advertising. The Company has offered the Securities for sale only to the Purchaser and certain other “accredited investors” within the meaning of Rule 501 under the Securities Act.

(ff) Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment, or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA (if applicable).

(gg) Accountants. The Company’s accounting firm is set forth in the SEC Reports and such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025.

(hh) No Disagreements with Accountants and Lawyers. There are no disagreements of any kind presently existing, or reasonably anticipated by the Company to arise, between the Company and the accountants and lawyers formerly or presently employed by the Company and the Company is current with respect to any fees owed to its accountants and lawyers which could affect the Company’s ability to perform any of its obligations under any of the Transaction Documents.

(ii) Acknowledgment Regarding Purchaser’s Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Purchaser is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby. The Company further acknowledges that the Purchaser is not acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by the Purchaser or any of its representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchaser’s purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to the Purchaser that the Company’s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.

(jj) Certain Transaction and Confidentiality. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding, it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that (i) the Purchaser has not been asked by the Company to agree, nor has the Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified term, (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by the Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or “derivative” transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company’s publicly-traded securities, (iii) the Purchaser, and counter-parties in “derivative” transactions to which the Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the Common Stock, and (iv) the Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any “derivative” transaction. The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) the Purchaser may engage in hedging activities at various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing shareholders’ equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted. The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents.

(kk) Regulation M Compliance. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company.

(ll) Equity Incentive Plans. Since the listing of the Company’s Common Stock on the Nasdaq Stock Market, each award granted by the Company under the Company’s equity incentive plans (including any Approved Equity Plans) was granted (i) in accordance with the terms of the Company’s applicable equity incentive plan (including any Approved Equity Plans), and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock, as applicable, on the date such award would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No award granted under any Company equity incentive plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, equity awards prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of equity awards with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.

(mm) Cybersecurity. (i)(x) There has been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors, and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment, or technology (collectively, “IT Systems and Data”), and (y) the Company and the Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and have no knowledge of, any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise to its IT Systems and Data; (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules, and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies, and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation, or modification, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (iii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable safeguards to maintain and protect its material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy, and security of all IT Systems and Data; and (iv) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practices.

(nn) Office of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee, or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).

(oo) U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon the Purchaser’s request.

(pp) Bank Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.

(qq) Money Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no Action by or before any court or governmental agency, authority, or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.

(rr) No Off Balance Sheet Arrangements. There is no transaction, arrangement, or other relationship between the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and an unconsolidated or other off balance sheet entity that is required to be disclosed by the Company in its SEC Reports and is not so disclosed or that otherwise could be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(ss) No Disqualification Events. With respect to the Securities to be offered and sold hereunder in reliance on Rule 506 under the Securities Act, none of the Company, nor to the knowledge of the Company, any of the Company’s predecessors, affiliated issuers, directors, executive officers, other officers of the Company participating in the offering hereunder, any beneficial owner of 20% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting equity securities, calculated on the basis of voting power, nor any promoter (as that term is defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) connected with the Company in any capacity at the time of sale (each, an “Issuer Covered Person” and, together, “Issuer Covered Persons”) is subject to any of the “Bad Actor” disqualifications described in Rule 506(d)(1)(i) to (viii) under the Securities Act (a “Disqualification Event”), except for a Disqualification Event covered by Rule 506(d)(2) or (d)(3). The Company has exercised reasonable care to determine whether any Issuer Covered Person is subject to a Disqualification Event. The Company has complied, to the extent applicable, with its disclosure obligations under Rule 506(e), and has furnished to the Purchaser a copy of any disclosures provided thereunder.

(tt) Other Covered Persons. The Company is not aware of any person (other than any Issuer Covered Person) that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of purchasers in connection with the sale of any Securities.

3.2 Representations and Warranties of the Purchaser. The Purchaser hereby represents and warrants as of the date hereof and the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate as of such date):

(a) Organization; Authority. The Purchaser is a limited liability company duly formed, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of the State of Nevada with full limited liability company power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance by the Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary limited liability company actions on the part of the Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by the Purchaser, and when delivered by the Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of the Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief, or other equitable remedies, and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.

(b) Own Account. The Purchaser understands that the Securities are “restricted securities” and have not been registered under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Securities or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, has no present intention of distributing any of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law (this representation and warranty not limiting the Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Resale Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws).

(c) Purchaser Status. At the time the Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on each date on which it exercises any Warrant, in whole or in part, it will be either (i) an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7), (a)(8), (a)(9), (a)(12), or (a)(13) under the Securities Act, or (ii) a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A(a) under the Securities Act.

(d) Experience of the Purchaser. The Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication, and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. The Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.

(e) General Solicitation. The Purchaser is not, to the Purchaser’s knowledge, purchasing the Securities as a result of any advertisement, article, notice, or other communication regarding the Securities published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio or presented at any seminar or, to the knowledge of the Purchaser, any other general solicitation or general advertisement.

(f) Access to Information. The Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all exhibits and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities, (ii) access to publicly available information about the Company and its financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management, and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment, and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment.

(g) Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser’s representatives, including, without limitation, its officers, directors, partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.

The Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend, or affect the Purchaser’s right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

ARTICLE IV.

OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES

4.1 Transfer Restrictions.

(a) The Securities may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal securities laws. In connection with any transfer of Securities other than pursuant to an effective registration statement or Rule 144, to the Company or to an Affiliate of the Purchaser or in connection with a pledge as contemplated in Section 4.1(b), the Company may require the transferor thereof to provide to the Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require registration of such transferred Securities under the Securities Act. As a condition of transfer, any such transferee shall agree in writing to be bound by the terms of this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement and shall have the rights and obligations of the Purchaser under this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement.

(b) The Purchaser agrees to the imprinting, so long as is required by this Section 4.1, of a legend on any of the Securities in the following form:

[NEITHER] THIS SECURITY [NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THIS SECURITY IS [EXERCISABLE]] HAS [NOT] BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY [AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON [EXERCISE] OF THIS SECURITY] MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT WITH A REGISTERED BROKER-DEALER OR OTHER LOAN WITH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION THAT IS AN “ACCREDITED INVESTOR” AS DEFINED IN RULE 501(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.

The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Purchaser may, from time to time, pledge pursuant to a bona fide margin agreement with a registered broker-dealer or grant a security interest in some or all of the Securities to a financial institution that is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and, if required under the terms of such arrangement, the Purchaser may transfer pledged or secured Securities to the pledgees or secured parties. Such a transfer would not be subject to approval of the Company and no legal opinion of legal counsel of the pledgee, secured party, or pledgor shall be required in connection therewith. Further, no notice shall be required of such pledge. At the Purchaser’s expense, the Company will execute and deliver such reasonable documentation as a pledgee or secured party of Securities may reasonably request in connection with a pledge or transfer of the Securities, including, if the Securities are subject to registration pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the preparation and filing of any required prospectus supplement under Rule 424(b)(3) under the Securities Act or other applicable provision of the Securities Act to appropriately amend the list of Selling Shareholders (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) thereunder.

(c) Upon the written request by the Purchaser to the Company if, at the time of such request, the Purchaser covenants and agrees that it has resold or will resell the Securities only (i) (A) pursuant to a Resale Registration Statement in a manner described under the caption “Plan of Distribution” in such Resale Registration Statement, and in a manner in compliance with all applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws, rules, and regulations, including, without limitation, any applicable prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act, or (B) in compliance with an available exemption under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, Section 4(a)(1) of the Securities Act and/or Rule 144 promulgated thereunder, and (ii) concurrently with such request, the Purchaser delivers to the Company, its counsel, and the Transfer Agent a customary written certification that the requirements set forth in clause (i) are accurate, the Company shall, no later than one (1) Trading Day following the delivery by the Purchaser to the Transfer Agent of one or more legended certificates or book-entry statements representing any Securities subject to such request, together with such other documentation from the Purchaser and its designated broker-dealer as the Transfer Agent deem reasonably necessary and appropriate, authorize the Transfer Agent to remove the Securities Act restrictive legend (and any stop transfer instructions placed against transfer thereof) contemplated by Section 4.1(b) affixed to the Securities (as applicable) subject to such request. At the times the Company authorizes the removal of the Securities Act restrictive legends on the Securities subject to such request (and any stop transfer instructions placed against transfer thereof) pursuant to this Section 4.1(c), the Company shall, at its sole expense, use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause its legal counsel to issue to the Transfer Agent a legal opinion or direction letter authorizing the Transfer Agent to remove the Securities Act restrictive legends contemplated by Section 4.1(b) on the Securities (as applicable) subject to such request (which legal opinion or direction letter may be delivered to the Transfer Agent in advance setting forth the conditions to the removal of such legends). The Company shall be responsible for the fees of its Transfer Agent and the Company’s legal counsel associated with any such legend removals. If counsel to the Company fails to provide a legal opinion reasonably satisfactory to the Transfer Agent, in accordance with this Section, the Investor shall have the right to provide an opinion of counsel selected by the Investor, the cost of which shall be borne by the Company.

(d) If the Purchaser has resold Securities in a manner described under the caption “Plan of Distribution” in a Resale Registration Statement, the Purchaser shall (i) send a confirmation to the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of such Securities that have been so resold and the date of such resales (such confirmation, the “Transfer Agent Confirmation”) and (ii) deliver to the Transfer Agent customary documentation reasonably satisfactory to the Transfer Agent with respect to such resold Securities, including a customary broker’s representation letter confirming, among other things, that the Investor has resold such Securities in a manner described under the caption “Plan of Distribution” in such Resale Registration Statement and in compliance any relevant prospectus delivery requirements (collectively, the “Transfer Agent Deliverables”). With respect to the Securities resold by the Purchaser as described in the preceding sentence and as to which the Purchaser has delivered the Transfer Agent with respect to such resold Securities, the Company shall (i) pay to the Transfer Agent any necessary fees for the issuance of any such resold Securities, and (ii) instruct the Transfer Agent to deliver and credit such Securities using the Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) or deliver order (“DO”) system maintained by DTC (or any similar program hereafter adopted by DTC performing substantially the same function) to the account with DTC of the Purchaser’s designated broker-dealer as specified in the Transfer Agent Deliverables with respect to such resold Securities. Concurrently with such instruction and payment, the Company shall confirm to the Transfer Agent that the Resale Registration Statement was effective and could be relied upon to sell such Shares as of the relevant date of sale and that the Purchaser is named as a selling shareholder in the prospectus included in the Resale Registration Statement. Any Securities or so delivered (x) shall only be used by the Purchaser’ broker-dealer to deliver such Securities to DTC for the purpose of settling the Investor’s share delivery obligations with respect to the sale of such Securities, which may include delivery to other accounts of such broker-dealer and inclusion in the number of Securities delivered by that broker-dealer in “net settling” that broker-dealer’s trading of the Shares, including its positions with the broker-dealers of the respective persons who purchase such Securities from the Purchaser, and (y) shall remain “restricted securities” as such term is defined in Rule 144(a)(3) under the Securities Act until so delivered.

(e) The Company agrees that, no later than the earlier of (i) two Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined below) following the delivery by the Purchaser to the Company and the Transfer Agent the documentation deliverable by the Purchaser pursuant to Section 4.1(c) or the Transfer Agent Deliverables pursuant to Section 4.1(d), as applicable (such date, the “Legend Removal Date”), deliver or cause to be delivered to the Purchaser a certificate representing such Shares or Warrant Shares, as applicable, that is free from all restrictive and other legends (or provide evidence of issuance in book entry form). The Company may not make any notation on its records or give instructions to the Transfer Agent that enlarge the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section 4.1. Certificates for Shares or Warrant Shares subject to legend removal hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer Agent, upon the payment of any share issuance fee by the Company, to deliver and credit such Securities using the DWAC or deliver order (DO) system maintained by DTC (or any similar program hereafter adopted by DTC performing substantially the same function) to the account with DTC of the Purchaser’s designated broker-dealer as specified by the Purchaser. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s Principal Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of a certificate representing Shares or Warrant Shares, as applicable, issued with a restrictive legend.

(f) In addition to the Purchaser’s other available remedies, the Company shall pay to the Purchaser, in cash, (i) as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Shares or Warrant Shares (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date such Securities are submitted to the Transfer Agent) delivered for removal of the restrictive legend and subject to Section 4.1(c) and Section 4.1(d), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day five Trading Days after such damages have begun to accrue) for each Trading Day after the Legend Removal Date until such certificate is delivered without a legend, provided that the Purchaser, in good faith, cooperates reasonably with, and takes such customary actions as may be reasonably requested by, the Company in connection with the delivery of such certificate without a legend, and (ii) if the Company fails to (A) issue and deliver (or cause to be delivered) to the Purchaser by the Legend Removal Date a certificate representing the Securities so delivered to the Company by the Purchaser that is free from all restrictive and other legends, and (B) if, after the Legend Removal Date, the Purchaser purchases (in an open market transaction or otherwise) shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Purchaser of all or any portion of the number of Shares or Warrant Shares, or a sale of a number of shares of Common Stock equal to all or any portion of the number of Shares or Warrant Shares that the Purchaser anticipated receiving from the Company without any restrictive legend, then, an amount equal to the excess of the Purchaser’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions and other out-of-pocket expenses, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased (including brokerage commissions and other out-of-pocket expenses, if any) (the “Buy-In Price”) over the product of (C) such number of shares of Common Stock that the Company was required to deliver to the Purchaser by the Legend Removal Date multiplied by (D) the lowest closing sale price of the Common Stock on any Trading Day during the period commencing on the date of the delivery by the Purchaser to the Company of the applicable Shares or Warrant Shares (as the case may be) and ending on the date of such delivery and payment under this clause (ii).

4.2 Acknowledgment of Dilution. The Company acknowledges that the issuance of the Securities may result in dilution of the outstanding Common Stock, which dilution may be substantial under certain market conditions. The Company further acknowledges that its obligations under the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, its obligation to issue the Shares and Warrant Shares pursuant to the Transaction Documents, are unconditional and absolute and not subject to any right of set off, counterclaim, delay, or reduction, regardless of the effect of any such dilution or any claim the Company may have against the Purchaser and regardless of the dilutive effect that such issuance may have on the ownership of the other equityholders of the Company.

4.3 Furnishing of Information; Public Information.

(a) Until the earliest of the time that (i) the Purchaser owns no Securities or (ii) the Purchaser owns no Securities other than the Warrants and all Warrants have expired, the Company covenants to maintain the registration of the Common Stock under Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act and to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.

(b) At any time during the period commencing from the six month anniversary of the date hereof, and ending at such time that all of the Securities may be sold without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with Rule 144(c)(1) and otherwise without restriction or limitation pursuant to Rule 144, if the Company (i) shall fail for any reason to satisfy the current public information requirement under Rule 144(c) or (ii) has ever been an issuer described in Rule 144 (i)(1)(i) or becomes an issuer in the future, and the Company shall fail to satisfy any condition set forth in Rule 144(i)(2) (a “Public Information Failure”) then, in addition to the Purchaser’s other available remedies, the Company shall pay to the Purchaser, in cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, by reason of any such delay in or reduction of its ability to sell the Securities, an amount in cash equal to one percent (1%) of the aggregate Subscription Amount of the Purchaser’s Securities on the day of a Public Information Failure and on every 30^th day (pro-rated for periods totaling less than 30 days) thereafter until the earlier of (a) the date such Public Information Failure is cured and (b) such time that such public information is no longer required for the Purchaser to transfer any Shares pursuant to Rule 144. The payments to which the Purchaser shall be entitled pursuant to this Section 4.3(b) are referred to herein as “Public Information Failure Payments.” Public Information Failure Payments shall be paid on the earlier of (i) the last day of the calendar month during which such Public Information Failure Payments are incurred and (ii) the third Business Day after the event or failure giving rise to the Public Information Failure Payments is cured. If the Company fails to make Public Information Failure Payments in a timely manner, such Public Information Failure Payments shall bear interest at the rate of one and one-half percent (1.5%) per month (prorated for partial months) until paid in full. Nothing herein shall limit the Purchaser’s right to pursue actual damages for the Public Information Failure, and the Purchaser shall have the right to pursue all remedies available to it at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief.

4.4 Integration. The Company shall not sell, offer for sale, solicit offers to buy, or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities in a manner that would require the registration under the Securities Act of the sale of the Securities or that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.

4.5 Exercise Procedures. The form of Notice of Exercise included in the Warrants sets forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchaser to exercise the Warrants. Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required, to exercise any Warrant. No additional legal opinion, other information, or instructions shall be required of the Purchaser to exercise any Warrant. The Company shall honor exercises of the Warrants that are exercised in accordance with the terms set forth in the Transaction Documents and shall deliver Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions, and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.

4.6 Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, with the SEC within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press release, the Company shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to the Purchaser by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In addition, effective upon the issuance of such press release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees, or Affiliates on the one hand, and the Purchaser or any of their Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate. The Company and the Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor the Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of the Purchaser, or without the prior consent of the Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of the Purchaser, or include the name of the Purchaser in any filing with the SEC or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of the Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal securities law in connection with (i) any registration statement contemplated by the Registration Rights Agreement and (ii) the filing of final Transaction Documents with the SEC, and (b) to the extent such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchaser with prior notice of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b).

4.7 Shareholder Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that the Purchaser is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement), or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that the Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchaser.

4.8 Non-Public Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, which shall be disclosed pursuant to Section 4.6, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf, will provide the Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes constitutes, material non-public information, unless prior thereto the Purchaser shall have consented to the receipt of such information and agreed with the Company to keep such information confidential. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. To the extent that the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, director, agents, employees, or Affiliates delivers any material, non-public information to the Purchaser without the Purchaser’s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that the Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees, or Affiliates, or a duty to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees, or Affiliates not to trade on the basis of, such material, non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall remain subject to applicable law. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the SEC pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.

4.9 Use of Proceeds. The Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder for working capital and general corporate purposes and shall not use such proceeds (a) for the satisfaction of any portion of the Company’s debt (other than payment of trade payables in the ordinary course of the Company’s business and prior practices), (b) for the redemption of any Common Stock or Share Equivalents, (c) for the settlement of any outstanding litigation, or (d) in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.

4.10 Indemnification of the Purchaser.

(a) Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.10, the Company will indemnify and hold the Purchaser and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, managers, partners, employees, and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls the Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders, agents, members, partners, or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs, and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs, and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (i) any breach of any of the representations,warranties, covenants, or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents, (ii) any cause of action, Action, proceeding, or claim (any, a “Claim”) instituted by the Company or its Affiliates or representatives or agents against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless such action is solely based upon a material breach of such Purchaser Party’s representations, warranties, or covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party may have with any such shareholder or any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such Purchaser Party which is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence, or willful misconduct), or (iii) any Claim brought or made against a Purchaser Party by a third party (including for these purposes a derivative action brought on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary) or which otherwise involves such Purchaser Party that arises out of or results from (A) the execution, delivery, performance, or enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents, (B) any transaction financed or to be financed in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, with the proceeds of the issuance of the Securities, or (C) the status of the Purchaser or holder of the Securities either as an investor in the Company pursuant to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents or as a party to this Agreement (including, without limitation, as a party in interest or otherwise in any Action for injunctive or other equitable relief) (unless such action is solely based upon a material breach of such Purchaser Party’s representations, warranties, or covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party may have with any such shareholder or any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such Purchaser Party which is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence, or willful misconduct).

(b) If any Action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such Action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel, or (iii) in such Action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel, a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, or (z) to the extent, but only to the extent that a loss, claim, damage, or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants, or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents. The indemnification required by this Section 4.10(b) shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received or are incurred. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of Action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.

4.11 Reservation and Listing of Securities.

(a) The Company covenants that while any Warrant remains outstanding, the Company will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock, the number of shares of Common Stock, free from pre-emptive rights, that would be issuable upon full, unconditioned exercise of the Warrants calculated on the basis of the exercise price, respectively, in effect as of the Closing Date, which such reserved amounts shall be increased by the Company from time to time, and in no event less than every three (3) months, in accordance with its obligations under such Securities (the “Required Minimum”).

(b) The Company shall, if applicable (i) in the time and manner required by the principal Trading Market, prepare and file with such Trading Market an additional shares listing application covering a number of shares of Common Stock at least equal to the Required Minimum on the date of such application, (ii) take all steps necessary to cause such shares of Common Stock to be approved for listing or quotation on such Trading Market as soon as possible thereafter, (iii) provide to the Purchaser evidence of such listing or quotation, and (iv) maintain the listing or quotation of such shares of Common Stock on any date at least equal to the Required Minimum on such date on such Trading Market or another Trading Market.

4.12 Transfer Agent; Instructions. The Company shall maintain the appointment of the Transfer Agent for so long as the Purchaser holds any Securities. If the Company’s agency relationship the Transfer Agent should be terminated for any reason while the Purchaser holds any Securities, the Company shall immediately appoint a successor transfer agent and shall provide the Transfer Agent with a copy of this Agreement and the Warrants then outstanding. Failure to adhere to this covenant shall automatically be deemed a material breach of this Agreement and the Warrants.

4.13 Confidentiality. The Purchaser covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.6, the Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and the information included in the Disclosure Schedules. Notwithstanding the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) the Purchaser makes no representation, warranty, or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.6, (ii) the Purchaser shall not be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.6, and (iii) the Purchaser shall have not any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade in the securities of the Company to the Company or its Subsidiaries after the issuance of the initial press release as described in Section 4.6. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Purchaser is or becomes a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of the Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of the Purchaser’s assets, the covenant set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.

4.14 Form D; Blue Sky Filings. If applicable, the Company agrees to timely file a Form D with respect to the Securities as required under Regulation D and to provide a copy thereof, promptly upon request of the Purchaser. The Company shall take such action as the Company shall reasonably determine is necessary in order to obtain an exemption for, or to qualify the Securities for, sale to the Purchaser at each Closing under applicable securities or “Blue Sky” laws of the states of the United States and shall provide evidence of such actions promptly upon request of the Purchaser.

4.15 Capital Changes.

(a) Except for the reverse split process that has already begun as of the date hereof, from the date hereof until such time as the Purchaser no longer holds any Securities, the Company shall not, without the Purchaser’s prior written consent (which consent shall be provided at the Purchaser’s sole and unfettered discretion) undertake a reverse or forward stock split or reclassification of the Common Stock without the prior written consent of the Purchaser.

(b) Except for the reverse split process that has already begun as of the date hereof, if the Company terminates the ELOC on or prior to October 1, 2025, from the ELOC Termination Date until such time as the Purchaser no longer holds any Securities, the Company shall not, directly or indirectly, without the Purchaser’s prior written consent (which consent shall be provided at the Purchaser’s sole and unfettered discretion):

(i) increase or decrease the authorized number of shares of Common Stock or any series thereof; or

(ii) create, or hold capital stock in, any Subsidiary that is not wholly owned (either directly or through one or more other Subsidiaries) by the Company (or substantially wholly owned other than de minimis holdings of a second holder required by non-U.S. law), or permit any Subsidiary to create, or issue or obligate itself to issue, any shares of any class or series of capital stock, or sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any capital stock of any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company, or permit any direct or indirect subsidiary to sell, lease, transfer, exclusively license or otherwise dispose (in a single transaction or series of related transactions) of all or substantially all of the assets of such Subsidiary.

(c) For avoidance of doubt, Section 4.15(b) shall be waived if the Company does not terminate the ELOC on or prior to October 1, 2025.

4.16 Subsequent Registrations. If as result of an SEC staff policy, rule, or regulation or for any other reason, the Company is unable to register all of the Purchaser’s Registrable Securities (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement), then upon 30 days (or such earlier time as is permitted by the Staff of the SEC or any rule of the SEC) after any Resale Registration Statement filed pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement is declared effective by the SEC, the Company shall file another Resale Registration Statement including all of the remaining Registrable Securities of the Purchaser and comply with the terms and conditions set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement.

4.17 Restriction on Activities.

(a) From the date hereof until such time as the Purchaser no longer holds any Securities, the Company shall not, directly or indirectly, without the Purchaser’s prior written consent (which consent shall be provided at the Purchaser’s sole and unfettered discretion):

(i) materially change the nature of its business; or

(ii) sell, divest, or change the structure of any material assets other than in the ordinary course of business.

(b) If the Company terminates the ELOC on or prior to October 1, 2025, from the ELOC Termination Date until such time as the Purchaser no longer holds any Securities, the Company shall not, directly or indirectly, without the Purchaser’s prior written consent (which consent shall be provided at the Purchaser’s sole and unfettered discretion):

(i) amend the Company's articles of incorporation or bylaws in any manner;

(ii) liquidate, dissolve or wind-up the business and affairs of the Company;

(iii) merge, consolidate, or otherwise combine the Company with or into any other entity, or effect any sale, lease, license, assignment (for the benefit of creditors or otherwise), transfer or other conveyance or disposition of any material portion of the assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any consolidation, merger or share exchange involving the Company or any Subsidiary or any reclassification or other change of any stock, or any recapitalization, or any dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company;

(iv) acquire, by purchase, exchange, merger, consolidation or other business combination, lease, assignment, or other transfer or conveyance, or series of transfers or conveyances, of, all or substantially all of the properties or assets of any other corporation, entity or business (as determined in accordance with Rule 11-01(d) of Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC), or enter into a joint venture or partnership with any other entity, in each case involving the payment of consideration or contribution by the Company or any Subsidiary in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $1,000,000;

(v) purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire for value (or pay into or set aside as a sinking fund for such purpose) any of the capital stock of the Company; provided, that this provision shall not apply to (i) the repurchase of shares of capital stock pursuant to this Agreement and (ii) the repurchase of shares of capital stock from directors, officers, employees or consultants or of advisers to the Company or any Subsidiary pursuant to agreements under which the Company has the option to repurchase such shares upon the occurrence of certain events, including the termination of employment by or service to the Company or any Subsidiary;

(vi) increase or decrease the authorized number of directors constituting the Board of Directors, or change the number of votes entitled to be cast by any director or directors on any matter;

(c) For avoidance of doubt, Section 4.17(b) shall be waived if the Company does not terminate the ELOC on or prior to October 1, 2025.

4.18 Corporate Existence. From the date hereof until such time as the Purchaser no longer holds any Securities, the Company shall maintain its corporate existence and shall not sell all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, except in the event of a merger or consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, where the surviving or successor entity in such transaction (i) assumes the Company’s obligations hereunder and under the Transaction Documents and (ii) is a publicly traded corporation whose common stock is listed for trading or quotation on the Principal Market, any tier of the Nasdaq Stock Market, the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE MKT.

4.19 No Broker-Dealer Acknowledgement. Absent a final adjudication from a court of competent jurisdiction stating otherwise, the Company shall not, to any Person, institution, governmental, or other entity, state, claim, allege, or in any way assert, that (a) the Purchaser is currently, or ever has been, a broker or dealer under the Exchange Act, or (b) is currently, or ever has been, required to register as a broker or dealer under the Exchange Act.

4.20 Notice of Disqualification Events. The Company will notify the Purchaser in writing, prior to the Closing Date of (a) any Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person and (b) any event that would, with the passage of time, become a Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person.

4.21 Common Stock Purchase Agreement. The Purchaser and the Company shall negotiate and enter into the ELOC, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D, on or before the date of this Agreement.

4.22 Redemption Upon ELOC Effectiveness. Provided the Company does not terminate the ELOC on or prior October 1, 2025, the Company, upon written notice to the Purchaser, may redeem 488,263 Shares acquired by Purchaser pursuant this Agreement at a redemption price of $0.0001 per share.

4.23 Filing of Registration Statement. If the Company terminates the ELOC on or prior to October 1, 2025 (such date, the “ELOC Termination Date”), the Company shall file with the SEC, within five (5) Business Days after the ELOC Termination Date, a Resale Registration Statement in compliance with the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement, covering only the resale by the Purchaser of the Securities by the Investor; provided, however, that this deadline shall be tolled by one Business Day for each Business Day that the SEC is closed due to a shutdown of the United States government. The Resale Registration Statement shall relate to the transactions contemplated by, and describing the material terms and conditions of, this Agreement and disclosing all information relating to the transactions contemplated hereby required to be disclosed in the Resale Registration Statement and the prospectus supplement as of the date of the Resale Registration Statement, including, without limitation, information required to be disclosed in the section captioned “Plan of Distribution” in the Resale Registration Statement. The Company shall permit the Purchaser to review and comment upon the Resale Registration Statement within a reasonable time prior to their filing with the SEC, the Company shall give reasonable consideration to all such comments, and the Company shall not file a Current Report on Form 8-K or the Resale Registration Statement with the SEC in a form to which the Purchaser reasonably objects. The Purchaser shall furnish to the Company such information regarding itself, the Company’s securities beneficially owned by the Purchaser and the intended method of distribution thereof, including any arrangement between the Purchaser and any other person or relating to the sale or distribution of the Company’s securities, as shall be reasonably requested by the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of a Current Report on Form 8-K and the Resale Registration Statement, and shall otherwise cooperate with the Company as reasonably requested by the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of a Current Report on Form 8-K and the Resale Registration Statement with the SEC. The Company shall have no knowledge of any untrue statement (or alleged untrue statement) of a material fact or omission (or alleged omission) of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in any pre- existing registration statement filed or any new registration statement or prospectus which is a part of the foregoing. The Company shall promptly give the Purchaser notice of any event (including the passage of time) which makes the final prospectus not to be in compliance with Section 5(b) or 10 of the Securities Act and shall use its commercially reasonable efforts thereafter to file with the SEC any Post-Effective Amendment to the Resale Registration Statement, amended prospectus or prospectus supplement in order to comply with Section 5(b) or 10 of the Securities Act. For avoidance of doubt, this Section 4.23 shall be waived if the Company does not terminate the ELOC on or prior to October 1, 2025.

4.24 Shareholder Approval. If the Company terminates the ELOC on or prior to October 1, 2025, the Company shall file with the SEC the Company shall take all action necessary to duly call, give notice of, convene, and hold a shareholder meeting (the “Shareholder Meeting”) as soon as reasonably practicable, but in no event later than one hundred twenty (120) days after the ELOC Termination Date, for the approval by the Company’s shareholders of the issuance of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement in excess of the Exchange Cap (as defined in the ELOC) (the “Shareholder Approval”). In connection with such Shareholder Meeting, the Company shall provide each shareholder with a proxy statement and shall use its best efforts to solicit the Shareholder Approval. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if at any such time, the Company is able to obtain the written consent of a majority of the shares of its issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock to approve the issuance of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement in excess of the Exchange Cap, the Company may satisfy this obligation by obtaining such consent and submitting for filing with the SEC an Information Statement on Schedule 14C. For avoidance of doubt, this Section 4.24 shall be waived if the Company does not terminate the ELOC on or prior to October 1, 2025.

4.25 Registration Failure Payments. If the Resale Registration Statement is not declared effective within thirty (30) days of the ELOC Termination Date (the “Required Registration Date”), the Company shall issue and deliver to the Purchaser a number of shares of Common Stock equal to $250,000 divided by the lowest traded price of the Common Stock between the October 1, 2025 and the Required Registration Date; provided, however, that this deadline shall be tolled by one Business Day for each Business Day that the SEC is closed due to a shutdown of the United States government; provided, further, that the Required Registration Date shall be the date that is forty five (45) days after the ELOC Termination Date if the SEC notifies the Company there will be a “review” of such Resale Registration Statement. For every thirty (30) days after the Required Registration Date that the Resale Registration Statement is not declared effective, the Company shall issue and deliver to the Purchaser a number of additional shares of Common Stock equal to $250,000 divided by the lowest traded price of the Common Stock during such thirty (30) day period. For avoidance of doubt, payments pursuant to this Section 4.25 shall be waived if the Company does not terminate the ELOC on or prior to October 1, 2025.

4.26 Shareholder Approval Failure Payments. If the Shareholder Meeting is not held within one hundred twenty (120) days after the ELOC Termination Date (the “Required Shareholder Meeting Date”), the Company shall issue and deliver to the Purchaser a number of shares of Common Stock equal to $250,000 divided by the lowest traded price of the Common Stock between October 1, 2025 and the Required Shareholder Meeting Date. For every thirty (30) days after the Required Shareholder Meeting Date that the Shareholder Meeting is not held, the Company shall issue and deliver to the Purchaser a number of additional shares of Common Stock equal to $250,000 divided by the lowest traded price of the Common Stock during such thirty (30) day period. For avoidance of doubt, payments pursuant to this Section 4.26 shall be waived if the Company does not terminate the ELOC on or prior to October 1, 2025.

4.27 Shareholder Approval Failure. If the Shareholder Approval is not obtained by the first Required Shareholder Meeting Date, the Company shall, during the period beginning on such date and continuing 360 days thereafter, cause an additional Shareholder Meeting to be held every ninety (90) days until the Shareholder Approval is obtained. For avoidance of doubt, this Section 4.27 shall be waived if the Company does not terminate the ELOC on or prior to October 1, 2025.

4.28 Restriction on Subsequent Equity Sales. If the Company terminates the ELOC on or prior to October 1, 2025, from the ELOC Termination Date until such time as the Purchaser no longer holds any Securities, the Company shall not, directly or indirectly, without the Purchaser’s prior written consent (which consent shall be provided at the Purchaser’s sole and unfettered discretion) issue additional shares of Common Stock or Share Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary or other securities. For avoidance of doubt, this Section 4.28 shall be waived if the Company does not terminate the ELOC on or prior to October 1, 2025.

ARTICLE V.
MISCELLANEOUS

5.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated by the Purchaser or by the Company, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing has not been consummated on or before the first Trading Day following the date hereof, provided, however, that no such termination will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).

5.2 Fees and Expenses. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants, and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery, and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any exercise notice delivered by the Purchaser), stamp taxes, and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchaser.

5.3 Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.

5.4 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York, New York time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York, New York time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.

5.5 Amendments; Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented, or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and the Purchaser or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition, or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition, or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. Any amendment effected in accordance with this Section 5.5 shall be binding upon the Purchaser, the holder of Securities, and the Company. Such amendment provision shall not be construed to mean that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation of any of the Warrants may be increased.

5.6 Headings. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement, and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.

5.7 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Purchaser (other than by merger). The Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom the Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the Purchaser.

5.8 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.10.

5.9 Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement, and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof.

5.10 Survival. The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive each Closing and the delivery of the Securities.

5.11 Execution. This Agreement may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which may be executed by less than all of the parties, all of which together will constitute one instrument, will be deemed to be an original, and will be enforceable against the parties. This Agreement may be delivered to the other party hereto by email of a copy of this Agreement bearing the signature of the party so delivering the Agreement. The parties agree that this Agreement shall be considered signed when the signature of a party is delivered by .PDF, DocuSign, or other generally accepted electronic signature. Such .PDF, DocuSign, or other generally accepted electronic signature shall be treated in all respects as having the same effect as an original signature. The signatories to this Agreement each represent and warrant that they are duly authorized by the parties with the power and authority to bind the parties to the terms and conditions thereof.

5.12 Severability. If any term, provision, covenant, or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void, or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants, and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired, or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant, or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants, and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void, or unenforceable.

5.13 Rescission and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever the Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand, or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then the Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand, or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights; provided, however, that, in the case of a rescission of an exercise of the Warrant, the Purchaser shall be required to return any Shares subject to any such rescinded exercise notice concurrently with the return to the Purchaser of the aggregate exercise price paid to the Company for such shares and the restoration of the Purchaser’s right to acquire such shares pursuant to such Warrant (including issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).

5.14 Replacement of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen, or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft, or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.

5.15 Remedies. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, the Purchaser and the Company shall be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.

5.16 Payment Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to the Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or the Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver, or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration, the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.

5.17 Liquidated Damages. The Company’s obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts owing under the Transaction Documents is a continuing obligation of the Company and shall not terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and other amounts have been paid notwithstanding that the instrument or security pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages or other amounts are due and payable shall have been canceled.

5.18 Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any Action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such Action may be taken, or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

5.19 Construction. The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to Shares or the price thereof in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward share splits, share dividends, share combinations, and other similar transactions of the Shares that occur after the date of this Agreement.

5.20 Dispute Resolution.

(a) Disputes Regarding Certain Defined Terms.

(i) In the case of a dispute relating to the, Buy-In Price, Exercise Price, or VWAP (as the case may be) (including, without limitation, a dispute relating to the determination of any of the foregoing) (a “Certain Defined Term Dispute”), the Company or the Purchaser (as the case may be) shall submit the Certain Defined Term Dispute to the other party via facsimile or electronic mail within five (5) Business Days after the party learned of the circumstances giving rise to such dispute. If the Purchaser and the Company are unable to promptly resolve such Certain Defined Term Dispute, at any time after the second (2nd) Business Day following such initial notice by the Company or the Purchaser (as the case may be) of such dispute to the Company or the Purchaser (as the case may be), then the Company and the Purchaser may select an independent, reputable investment bank as mutually agreed upon to resolve such dispute. If the Parties cannot agree upon such an investment bank within ten (10) Business Days of the date of the initial notice, the Parties shall submit the dispute pursuant to Section 5.20(b).

(ii) The Purchaser and the Company shall each deliver to such investment bank (A) a copy of the initial dispute submission so delivered in accordance with the above and (B) written documentation supporting its position with respect to such dispute, in each case, no later than 5:00 p.m. (New York time) by the fifth (5th) Business Day immediately following the date on which such investment bank was selected (the “Dispute Submission Deadline”) (the documents referred to in the immediately preceding clauses (A) and (B) are collectively referred to herein as the “Required Dispute Documentation”) (it being understood and agreed that if either the Purchaser or the Company fails to so deliver all of the Required Dispute Documentation by the Dispute Submission Deadline, then the party who fails to so submit all of the Required Dispute Documentation shall no longer be entitled to (and hereby waives its right to) deliver or submit any written documentation or other support to such investment bank with respect to such dispute and such investment bank shall resolve such dispute based solely on the Required Dispute Documentation that was delivered to such investment bank prior to the Dispute Submission Deadline). Unless otherwise agreed to in writing by both the Company and the Purchaser or otherwise requested by such investment bank, neither the Company nor the Purchaser shall be entitled to deliver or submit any written documentation or other support to such investment bank in connection with such dispute (other than the Required Dispute Documentation).

(iii) The Company and the Purchaser shall cause such investment bank to determine the resolution of such dispute and notify the Company and the Purchaser of such resolution no later than ten (10) Business Days immediately following the Dispute Submission Deadline. The fees and expenses of such investment bank shall be borne by the losing party, and such investment bank’s resolution of such dispute shall be final and binding upon all Parties. The terms of this Agreement, each other applicable Transaction Document, and the Required Dispute Documentation shall serve as the basis for the selected investment bank’s resolution of the applicable dispute, such investment bank shall be entitled (and is hereby expressly authorized) to make all findings, determinations and the like that such investment bank determines are required to be made by such investment bank in connection with its resolution of such dispute and in resolving such dispute such investment bank shall apply such findings, determinations and the like to the terms of this Agreement and any other applicable Transaction Documents.

(iv) Both the Company and the Purchaser expressly acknowledge and agree that (i) this Section 5.20(a) constitutes an agreement to arbitrate between the Company and the Purchaser (and constitutes an arbitration agreement) under § 7501, et seq. of the New York Civil Practice Law and Rules (“CPLR”) with respect to the dispute described in Section 5.20 and that both the Company and the Purchaser are authorized to apply for an order to compel arbitration pursuant to CPLR § 7503(a) in order to compel compliance with this Section 5.20.

(b) Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial. Subject to Section 5.20(a), each party hereby irrevocably submits that any dispute, controversy, or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any Transaction Document (including whether any such dispute is arbitrable), shall be submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of the of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan in the State of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action, or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action, or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action, or proceeding is improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action, or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address for such notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. EACH PARTY KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY, AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION HEREWITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. The Company and the Purchaser agree that all dispute resolution proceedings in accordance with this Section 5.20 may be conducted in a virtual setting.

(c) Prevailing Party Attorneys’ Fees. If any party shall commence an Action to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Section 4.10, the prevailing party in such Action shall be reimbursed by the non- prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation, and prosecution of such Action.

(Signature Pages Follow)

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.

[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]

PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGE TO SECURITIES PURCHASE

AGREEMENT

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by its authorized signatory as of the date first indicated above.

Address for Notice to Purchaser:

WHITE LION CAPITAL LLC

21031 Ventura Blvd., Suite 920

Encino, CA 91316

Attention: Nathan Yee, Managing Director

E-mail: team@whitelioncapital.com

Address for Delivery of Securities to Purchaser (if not same as address for notice):

Subscription Amount: